The Iran-Contra Scandal - 1731 Words

Introduction The Iran-Contra Scandal occurred on the (insert specific dates) in the midst of the cold war. Oliver North, a member of the National Security Council of the United States, was accused of diverting money from weapon sales in Iran to support the Contras in Central America. Provide context of central America, how this was exposed, what happened to north, specific trial stuff, talk about the cold war/tensions†¦ state thesis at end of sentence, state arguments, conclude. Main Argument 1 The intent of the Boland Amendment was to prohibit the use of United States funds to support the Contra-revolutionaries in Nicaragua. The precise wording of the Boland Amendment is: During the fiscal year 1985, no funds available to the†¦show more content†¦No one can say that North is unpatriotic. Even Representative Lee Hamilton, the opposition for his trial, said â€Å"I do not have any doubts at all, Colonel North, that you are a patriot. There are many patriots in the country and many forms of patriotism. For you, patriotism rests in the conduct of deeds, some requiring great personal courage, to free hostages and to fight communism.† Even President Reagan himself stated that â€Å"[Oliver North] has proven to be an outstanding American patriot† in a 1985 letter. North will do anything to protect his country, his beloved America. He even carried suicide pills on a mission to Tehran in case he was captured; he announced his willingness to die for his country. All actions taken by North during the Iran Contra Affair was undertaken to defend the United States. Furthermore, Oliver North was legally fulfilling his ambition of protection because he was only following instructions handed down by his superiors. There is no criminal intent in his actions, only a need to defend his country. President Ronald Reagan stated that he wanted to keep the contras going â€Å"body and soul†. He wanted to keep the Contras together as a fighting force in the field until Congress resumed funding and to keep them together as a viable political opposition. Additionally, North was only following the chain of command. Orders originated from theShow MoreRelatedIran-Contra Scandal 1621 Words   |  7 PagesI guess that makes them contras, and so it makes me a contra too.† In 1979, a bitter war broke out in Nicaragua between the Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction, the Nicaraguan government, and the Contras, a vicious rebel group. The goal of this war was simple, overthrow the Nicaraguan government and restore freedom for all Nicaraguan citizens. It was this that caught the eye of the American government and it was not too long before the U.S began to fund the Contras. Although the United StatesRead MoreReagan s Scandal Of The Iran Contra Scandal918 Words   |  4 Pages Reagan’s Scandal of the Iran Contra Scandal: Detecting Brave Politics and testing boundaries Question: Did President Ronald Reagan know about the decision by White House aide Oliver North and National Security Advisor John Poindexter to divert profits from sales to Iran to buy weapons for rebels? Why did President Ronald Reagan change his opinions about his knowledge of his role in the Iran Contra Scandal? Almost twenty years after the notorious Watergate scandal, the Iran Contra Affair tookRead MoreIran-Contra Scandal Essay2291 Words   |  10 PagesThe Iran-contra scandal of the 1980’s, first brought to light in November 1986, is a complicated mess of scandal, arms dealings, hostage deals, and illegal acts (â€Å"Iran-Contra Affair† Infoplease.com). The original purpose of the arms sales was to improve United States-Iran relations (Sanders SNU.edu). However, when American hostages were taken throughout the 1980’s, members of President Reagan’s staff negotiated implicit deals with Iranian groups, which resulted in the U.S. selling arms in returnRead MoreEssay about iran contra scandal1913 Words   |  8 Pages Iran-Contra Scandal The Cold War peaked the interest of the entire globe. Each threat, policy and action that took place had ramifications far more reaching then ever imaginable. The world sat on edge because it feared its own destruction, after the introduction of nuclear warfare at the close of World War II, another World War could result in the Earth’s demise. This fear ran through the hearts and minds of citizens of both the United States and the Soviet Union, but it is the citizens elsewhereRead MoreEssay Iran-Contra Affair: The Diversion Scandal2952 Words   |  12 PagesIran-Contra Affair: The Diversion Scandal Eugene Hasenfus of Marinette, Wisconsin was captured when his cargo plane suffered damaging missile blows. Hasenfus’ outdated cargo plane was knocked from the sky as a result of Nicaraguan surface to air missiles. After notifying the office of the United States Vice-President, informants in both El Salvador and Costa Rica would scramble to assess and control a seemingly uncomplicated situation. While United States officials prepared to limit their damagesRead MoreThe Iran Contra Scandal Was A Shocking And Nefarious Governmental Affair1246 Words   |  5 PagesThe Iran-Contra Scandal was a shocking and nefarious governmental affair which occurred during the executive administration of President Ronald Reagan. The affairs involved many people in the United States government and their dealings with other nations, and the congressional hearings which were held to expose the secrets and find the truth behind the scandal to determine who was involved and who would be deemed guilty of atrocious crimes (Vile). President Reagan arranged a deal with Iran, secretlyRead MoreThe Iran Contra Affair1586 Words   |  7 PagesThe Iran Contra affair is historically defined as the â€Å"Reagan administration scandal that involved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for its efforts to secure the release of hostages in Lebanon and the redirection of the proceeds of those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras.† As the Nicaraguan counterrevolutionaries, known as the Contras, began their efforts to retaliate against the Socialist Sandinista Regime, American government forces stepped in to support the Contra cause in a hope to supportRead MoreThes Covert Operations Against The Marxist Sandinista Government1253 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, when Casey increased the agency’s covert operations against the Marxist Sandinista government in Nicaragua by funneling aid to the contras, the anti-Sandinista rebels, Congress became concern of the CIA involvement in Central America. Hence, in 1982 it passed Boland amendment prohibiting the agency from aiding the contras. , Casey continued to find ways to evade the amendment (Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2010). On January 7, 1984 and February 29, 1984, the CIA mined several harborsRead MoreIran-Contra Affair Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesIran-Contra: Crossing That Line I think everyone knew we were walking a very thin line.(Owen) Not many Americans know the truth that lies behind the Iran-Contra scandals. Most would be surprised to know about the deception of our leaders. Still today, some truth of Iran-Contra lies hidden in the conscience of the people who organized it, aided it, and went through with it. It started with good intentions, but soon was corrupted. Some may argue that we must do what we can to smother the flameRead MoreThe Iran Contra Affair Involving Ronald Reagan1059 Words   |  5 PagesIn class, we discussed the Iran-Contra Affair involving Ronald Reagan. However, we did not go in depth about public opinion, George H.W. Bush’s involvement, or how people feel about it today. This paper will seek to continue this topic. For example, the Iran-Contra polls showed that most Americans did not believe Regan’s cover stories, yet there was never a push for him to pay the political price, which would ultimately have been im peachment. Thus this paper will further attempt to understand the

Letter Assignment Draft Free Essays

The cell is the biological basic unit to life .Every existing animal or plant owes its life to the cell. Cells cannot be seen with naked eyes but with the help of equipment called the microscope. We will write a custom essay sample on Letter Assignment Draft or any similar topic only for you Order Now   It is the environment that surrounds different, other existences that are in many ways autonomous, merely, independent but also as well as dependant of each other; oop! Let’s avoid the contradiction and go through this basic† Life The entire body of humans is made up of cells-very different many cells- In fact millions and millions of them each with a distinct purpose. It is important for an official of health for instance to understand some, if not all of these cells. [1] The nucleus; the whole make-up of the cell, every single function and set-up is â€Å"coded for† or dictated by this system.   Amazingly the system uses a diverse nature in the name of genes.   Depending on species each individual has a different number of them (genes), each responsible for a different nature or set up; loading to the formation of a specific cell structure/organelle. As a senior health officer, the understanding about genes is of help in solving problems such as DNA tests. To some extent, such an understanding on genes is also essential in ascertaining and analyzing blood samples before transfusion takes place. The Mitochondria is the energy power.   For every single process there is the energy required.   The source of this energy is the mitochondria.   This organelle breaks down the food through its myriad set of enzymes and packs the product, energy, as pockets of potential power.   Power that will in times of need be converted to Kinetic energy in motion/activity. The endoplasmic reticulum.   Some rough, some smooth.   The rough has the ribosomes, hair like structures in the formation of proteins.   Proteins that make-up the other structural cell existence.   These proteins will also be used in repair of worn out parts of the cell.   Simply; the whole cell has a protein make-up.   The smooth endoplasmic reticulum; they are involved in lipid fats and ions transport. Heavy convoluted branched throughout the cell they leep the cell well stacked in the lipid supply. The Golgi apparatus; they pack processed proteins. Packaging them ready for delivery via the cell and settings them to wherever they are required. [2] Then there are the assembly units in the form of tiny microscopic cylinders called the ribosomes. These are units that form/ manufacture proteins from simple forms (raw materials) in the form of amino acids. These ribosomes are hinged on the endoplasmic reticulum. They give it the appearance of a rugged structure hence the name rough endoplasmic reticulum The lysozymes are a set of enzymatic organelles. They break-down/ digest complex material that has been ingested by the cell. The ingestion of food particles is done by the micropinocytatic vesicle; it engulfs or surrounds a â€Å"palatable substance† and practically makes it â€Å"part of the cell† The lysozymes later on leak the enzymatic content, which digests the engulfed particle. The cell has a sound and dependable character. Integrity. The above unit structures can and will be found in a living cell. [3] The distinction however is slight depending on whether it is a plant or animal cell; 1. The cell membrane is common to plant and animal cells, aquering the organelles; into a defined environment. Acting as the skin 2. The plant cell however has the additional protection of a cell wall. A â€Å"skin† covers to the outermost. This affords plants the rigid nature. The plant cell also has other unit structures like;- a.Chloroplasts; responsible for the trapping of light rays and channeling this energy to the manufacture of food. They give plants that distinction color. b.Food vacuole; the food store in plant cells. c.The water vacuole; a distinct store for water. [4] The cell has it all the organizational set-up each structural unit being a department that functions on its own, as well as one that condinates with the other departments. As a government health officer therefore it is important to ensure that all cells of a human body are functioning properly as the malfunctioning of only one cell might affect the whole body. There is a catch however, that the nucleus; that structural unit that has genes which code/ demand for specific roles to be played by different structural units of the cell. The genes dictating what happens in the cell, fostering both individual talent (departmental autonomy) and team-work (between departments) are the management. The top tier of the cell that does the â€Å"decision† making. The departments/units that form the crux of this cell industry are not far from many existing department especially in the government sector. In function at least. The powerhouse of energy; mitochondria the system that fuels the assembly is likened to the accounts department. The paymaster and motivator. What about the other assembly points, ranging from the â€Å"energy reactions† like the chloroplasts that will provide energy for carbohydrates, protein and vitamin formation. The reticulum system playing the role of transportation and Logistics. The micropinocytotic vesicle doing the sourcing of raw materials. The sublime procements officer. The golgi apparatus; ever packaging and branding processed material. Like any other industry; there is always a better way to present product to the client. The security system cannot be understated. Setting up the perimeter. Defining the limits off the area covered by the industry in the form of the cell membrane and cell wall. You stare at that life so invisible to the naked eye, but surprise is all you have got when that simple nature of life typifies our complex organizational nature. [5] xxxxxxxxxxxxxxENDxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx This letter should be addressed to a senior government official in the health sector like the Medical Officer of Health. These are the paramedics on the ground on whose fingers and skills hundreds of thousands of people depend for the health to be something to reckon with. They are the researchers, policy makers, the trainers etc. The nature, components and functions of the cell will help him in effecting his roles in a more efficient and effective manner. References Campbell, N. (2004): Biology 7th edition, Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company, New York Mashburn, L. M and Whiteley, M. (2006): Special Delivery: Vesicle Trafficking in Prokaryotes. –   Mol Microbial 61 (4): 839 – 46.                         [1] Campbell, N. (2004): Biology 7th edition, Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company, New York [2] Mashburn, L. M and Whiteley, M. (2006): Special Delivery: Vesicle Trafficking in Prokaryotes. –   Mol Microbial 61 (4): 839 – 46. [3] Mashburn, L. M and Whiteley, M. (2006): Special Delivery: Vesicle Trafficking in Prokaryotes. –   Mol Microbial 61 (4): 839 – 46. [4] Campbell, N. (2004): Biology 7th edition, Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company, New York [5] Mashburn, L. M and Whiteley, M. (2006): Special Delivery: Vesicle Trafficking in Prokaryotes. –   Mol Microbial 61 (4): 839 – 46. How to cite Letter Assignment Draft, Essay examples

Similarities between war in Iraq and Vietnam Essay Example For Students

Similarities between war in Iraq and Vietnam Essay Similarities Between the war in Iraq and the Vietnam WarAs time passes, every society endures situations which stress its very fabric. Each societies history is sprinkled with these situations. One such situations which the United States underwent was the Vietnam war. For years this particular event has been hotly debated. Hardly anyone who was present at the time agrees on any point concerning this war, except that they regret it. It has become the greatest American foreign policy calamity of the century. . Now the United States finds itself entangled in another war. A war in Iraq which is beginning to resemble more and more the events of the Vietnam war. Many analysts, and even the public have begun to wonder if the current situation is the same as what took place in Vietnam. The answer is a disturbing yes. The current military engagement in Iraq is showing signs that it will become for this generation what Vietnam was to that generation.While there are many similarities and differences between these two engagements, there are more similarities. One of the most visible similarities between the two situations are the situations of the current and past Presidents. The President in charge at the beginning of the Vietnam war was Lyndon B. Johnson. The current President in charge of the war in Iraq is George Bush. Both presidents were launched into situations which they were unprepared. Johnson was catapulted unexpectedly into the presidency after the assassination of John F. Kennedy. Bush also was launched into an unexpected war on terrorism after the terrorist attacks of September 11th. While their goals differ the outcome of their decision ended up the same. Johnsons goal was only to do enough in Vietnam in order to avoid losing Vietnam to communism. Bushs goals are to fight terrorism and prevent other possible terrorist attacks. In both cases public opinion of the president and of the military engagement went down. Polls of American society showed that Johnsons popularity, at just 35 percent had fallen lower than any other president since Truman. Currently Bushs popularity has fallen to the mid 40 percent. Increasing numbers of citizens are beginning to believe that his handling of the Iraqi threat has only increased the overall terrorist threat. Public opinion which was once heavily in support of the war in Iraq, has fallen to 57 percent, just barely a majority. In the case of the Vietnam war the next presidents first order of business was to remove the troops from battle, and already the talk is of how to disentangle the troops and get them home. Presidential candidates during the Vietnam era placed heavy emphasis on their commitment to withdrawing troops, while present Presidential candidate John Kerry has been quoted as saying We need to set a new course in Iraq,we need toput an end to the American occupation. During the Vietnam Era, there were numerous protests. Thousands of Americans protested American involvement in Vietnam. All across America there were protests on college campuses and many such incidents ended in violence. In some cases the National guard was even sent in to calm volatile situations, such as the protesting at Kent State University which left four students dead. These foreign commitments also held similar military elements. Neither president initially intended to send the number of troops as they ended up sending. In 1963 after Kennedys assassination there were 16,000 American troops in Vietnam. By the end of 1965 there were 184,000. The number of American troops continued to increase until it reached its peak at 542,000 in 1969. The number of troops continued to increase despite continuing reports from the government that an end was near. Currently General John Abizaid stated he needs at least 10,000 more troops than he had previously envisioned. .u87bbe9f1497bb7f4804d2ffb91b09fac , .u87bbe9f1497bb7f4804d2ffb91b09fac .postImageUrl , .u87bbe9f1497bb7f4804d2ffb91b09fac .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u87bbe9f1497bb7f4804d2ffb91b09fac , .u87bbe9f1497bb7f4804d2ffb91b09fac:hover , .u87bbe9f1497bb7f4804d2ffb91b09fac:visited , .u87bbe9f1497bb7f4804d2ffb91b09fac:active { border:0!important; } .u87bbe9f1497bb7f4804d2ffb91b09fac .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u87bbe9f1497bb7f4804d2ffb91b09fac { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u87bbe9f1497bb7f4804d2ffb91b09fac:active , .u87bbe9f1497bb7f4804d2ffb91b09fac:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u87bbe9f1497bb7f4804d2ffb91b09fac .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u87bbe9f1497bb7f4804d2ffb91b09fac .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u87bbe9f1497bb7f4804d2ffb91b09fac .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u87bbe9f1497bb7f4804d2ffb91b09fac .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u87bbe9f1497bb7f4804d2ffb91b09fac:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u87bbe9f1497bb7f4804d2ffb91b09fac .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u87bbe9f1497bb7f4804d2ffb91b09fac .u87bbe9f1497bb7f4804d2ffb91b09fac-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u87bbe9f1497bb7f4804d2ffb91b09fac:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: JOSQUIN DESPREZ Essay A major reason for the public backlash was the personal aspect of the war. The Vietnam war seemed to hit home, this led to most of the widespread protests. The current war is the same with the added element of television. As communications have become faster and clearer, the war has been brought into peoples homes like never before. President Bush has acknowledged this by stating Look, nobody likes to see dead people on their television screens, I dont. Its a tough time for the American people to see that. Its gut wrenching. In conclusion, while the Vietnam war of the 1960s and the current war in Iraq are two distinctly different wars, the latter is showing signs of becoming the former. All of the major aspects of the Vietnam wars are being shown, if only in lesser portions, in the current military engagement in Iraq. Both wars have negatively effected the Presidents in charge, both are viewed as military debacles, both are an intense source of debate and protest in America, and both increased the number of troops in action to numbers previously deemed unnecessary.

Old Man And The Sea And Santiago Essays - The Old Man And The Sea

Old Man And The Sea And Santiago The Old Man and the Sea The Old Man and the Sea is a heroic tale of mans strength pitted against forces he cannot control. It is a tale about an old Cuban fisherman and his three-day battle with a giant Marlin. Through the use of three prominent themes; friendship, bravery, and Christianity; the Old Man and the Sea strives to teach important life lessons to the reader. The relationship between the old man and the boy is introduced early in the story. They are unlikely companions; one is old and the other young, yet they share an insuperable amount of respect and loyalty for each other. Santiago does not treat Manolin as a young boy but rather as an equal. Age is not a factor in their relationship. Manolin does not even act as a young boy; he is mature and sensitive to Santiago s feelings. He even offers to go against his parent s wishes and accompany Santiago on his fishing trips. Santiago is viewed as an outcast in his village because he has not caught any fish for more than eighty-four days and is therefore unlucky . Nonetheless Manolin is loyal to Santiago and even when his parents forbid him he wants to help his friend. Their conversations are comfortable, like that of two friends who have known each other for their whole lives. When they speak it is usually about baseball or fishing, the two things they have most in common. Their favorite team is the Yankees and Santiago never loses faith in them even when the star player, Joe DiMaggio is injured with a heel spur. In this way Santiago not only teaches Manolin about fishing but also about important characteristics such as faith. In the story Santiago s bravery is unsurpassed but it is not until he hooks the great fish that we truly see his valor and perseverance. Through Santiago s actions Hemingway teaches the reader about bravery and perseverance in the face of adversity. He demonstrates that even when all is lost and seems hopeless a willful heart and faith will overcome anything. Santiago had lost his luckiness and therefore the respect of his village. Through the description of his cabin we also suspect that Santiago is a widower. Although Santiago has had many troubles he perseveres. He has faith in Manolin, in the Yankees, in Joe DiMaggio, and most importantly in himself. This is perhaps his greatest attribute because without it he would never have had the strength to persevere and defeat the giant Marlin. Faith is not the only thing that drives his perseverance. Santiago also draws upon his past victories for strength. After he hooked the Marlin he frequently recalled his battle with a native in what he called the hand game. It was not just an arm wrestling victory for him it was a reminder of his youthful days. His recollections of this event usually proceeded a favorite dream of his in which he saw many lions on a peaceful shore. These lions represented him when he was young and strong and could overcome any challenge. Although he was an old man and his body was no longer like it used to be his heart was still great and he eventually defeated the Marlin. Santiago s perseverance and bravery are further illustrated when he tries to fight off the sharks. He was a fisherman all his life and therefore he knew that the fate of his catch was inevitable yet he persisted to fight the sharks. The battle between him and the sharks was about principles not a mere fish. Santiago was still a great warrior at heart and warriors fight until the end. One of the greatest and most obvious symbolisms in the story is Christianity. From the beginning of the story the reader is shown a unique relationship between Santiago and Manolin. Their relationship parallels that of Christ and his disciples. Manolin is Santiago s disciple and Santiago teaches Manolin about fishing and life. One of the greatest lessons that Santiago gives is that of a simple faith. Have faith in the Yankees my son. This type of faith reflects the basic principles of Christianity. Hemingway s description of Santiago further illustrates Christian symbolism. Hemingway gives a reference to the nail-pierced hands of Christ by stating that Santiago s hands had deep creased scars. Hemingway also parallels Santiago s suffering to that of Christ by stating that he settled K against the wood and took his